And all those free electrons are great at conducting electricity.

而那些自由子有很好性。

As these free electrons rush from one electrode to the other, they collide with more neon atoms, causing them to ionize as well.

当这些自由子从极一端涌向另一端，它们会与更多氖原子碰撞，并使自身也离子化。

Sheldon, I told you, I only have access to the free electron laser at night. I can't drive you for the next few weeks.

谢尔顿我跟你说过了，我只有晚上才能用自由子激光仪。接下来几个礼拜我都不能开车送你了。

To free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei.

为了释放子，必须使子高速旋转而足摆脱原子核束缚。

This was an important event! Free electrons are really really good at absorbing photons, absorbing light.

这一个大事件！自由子非常擅长吸收光子，吸收光。

Plasma is kind of like a gas, except that its atoms have some of their electrons stripped off, so it's made up of positively-charged ions and a bunch of free electrons zooming around.

等离子体就像种气体，除了它原子上一些子被扯下来了，所它由正离子组成，再加上很多自由子在旁边乱转。

The free electrons in metals are especially good at this vibrating-to-match-visible-light thing.

自由子和金属产生振荡与可见光波长匹配。

In the first few seconds after the Big Bang, the universe was a sea of free electrons and atomic nuclei, so unbelievably hot and dense that not even photons could escape that opaque cosmic pinball machine.

在大爆炸后最初几秒钟，宇宙一片自由子和原子核海洋，热到信， 密度也极高， 连光子都无法从这个不透明宇宙弹珠机中逃脱。

So if you have a semiconductor material, it, you can change the number of free electrons that can move around by putting different elements, different atoms in lattice sites.

所如果你有一种半体材料，你可通过在晶格位放不同元素、不同原子来改变可移动自由子数量。

Since Starfish Prime detonated at an altitude of  400 kilometres, these gamma rays collided with atoms in the upper atmosphere creating a cascade  of free electrons.

由于“海星一号” 在 400 公里高空爆炸，这些伽马射线与高层大气中原子发生碰撞， 产生了大量自由子。

The kind of chemistry that happens inside of a battery is called electrochemistry because it involves reactions that produce or consume free electrons.

池内部发生化学反应称为化学，因为它涉及产生或消耗自由子反应。

This type of star was known to be very dense and made of compact, degenerate matter composed of atomic nuclei and free electrons.

这种星体极高密度著称，由致密、退化物质构成，这种物质主要由原子核和自由子组成。

And the amount of dispersion tells you how many free electrons that radio wave had to pass through to reach the detector.

色散量告诉您无线波必须通过多少个自由子才能到达检测器。

These moving electrons are called free electrons.

子可自由移动，称为 这些移动子：子。

We'll begin at the top with a device called a field emission source which generates free electrons.

我们将从顶部开始，使用一种称为场发射源设备来生成自由子。

So we’ve got insulators and conductors with free electrons moving around in them.

所我们有绝缘体和体， 其中有自由子在其中移动。

And as a result these things don't have a lot of free electrons.

因此这些东西没有很多自由子。

And so if we have free electrons it's easy for them to flow through that metal.

因此, 如果我们有自由子, 它们很容易流过金属。

So and even more basic than that a semiconductor material silicon say so In silicon silicon is a semiconductor and what that means is at low temperature There are no free charges no free electrons that can move around.

所，比这更基本半体材料，比如硅。在硅中，硅一种半体，这意味着在低温下没有自由荷，没有可移动自由子。

As these positively charged helium nuclei are ejected at ludicrous speeds, the alpha particles run into atoms in the atmosphere and knock off their electrons, thus creating positively charged nitrogen, oxygen, other gases, and thousands of free electrons.

当这些带正氦核极快速度被弹出时，阿尔法粒子会撞到大气中原子，将其子击飞，从而产生带正氮气、氧气、其他气体及成千上万自由子。